Choosing the Best Horse Breed for You: Complete Guide

Every horse is different, and even within the same breed, there are considerable differences. So how do you choose the right horse breed for your specific needs? Whether you’re new to horses or looking to add another to your herd, selecting the right breed is a crucial decision. From physical suitability to discipline preferences, care needs, and temperament, here’s everything you need to know to make an informed choice.

1. Matching a Horse Breed to Your Size and Weight

One of the most important yet often overlooked considerations is whether a particular horse breed can safely carry your weight. This isn’t about shaming—it’s about ensuring the well-being of your horse. Horses are typically able to carry 20% of their body weight safely. This includes the rider and tack.

Some breeds, like the Icelandic horse, are known for carrying more than that, while others, such as thoroughbreds, may not handle heavier loads as well. Here’s how to assess the fit:

• Know the weight of the horse.
• Add your body weight and the weight of your tack (saddle, saddle bags, etc.).
• Ensure the total does not exceed 20% of the horse’s weight.

For example, a 1,000 lb horse can carry around 200 lb safely. When buying a horse for a child, consider their future growth. Quarter horses, being stockier and sturdier, are a great choice for children who may grow into the horse over time.

2. Breed Suitability by Riding Discipline

The breed you choose can also influence how far you can go in specific riding disciplines. While local shows are generally breed-inclusive, upper-level and rated shows tend to be more selective.

For example:

• Arabians can do well in low-level hunter shows but may not be favored in A-rated classes due to breed biases among judges.
• Eventing is more inclusive, as it’s point-based rather than appearance-based. However, size and athleticism still matter as you progress.

It’s important to match your goals to your breed. If you aim to advance in a discipline like dressage, a horse built for balance and elegant movement—like a warmblood or a thoroughbred—may be ideal. For eventing, thoroughbreds are a popular choice due to their speed, stamina, and agility.

3. Health Considerations by Breed

Different breeds come with unique health considerations, and understanding these in advance can save you stress and money in the long run.

High-Maintenance Breeds

Some popular breeds like Gypsy Vanners require a lot of grooming due to their long manes and feathered legs. That beautiful hair can trap moisture, leading to skin conditions like scratches.

Skin Sensitivities

Horses with light pink skin or white coats—such as cremellos or some paints—can get sunburned easily, especially if they get wet and are exposed to strong sunlight. My own POA, Tucker, often gets sunburned on his white areas if he’s caught in the rain and then exposed to the sun.

Genetic Conditions

• Appaloosas, POAs, and other breeds with the Leopard Complex gene may suffer from recurrent uveitis, a chronic eye condition that can lead to blindness.
• Quarter Horses can be prone to navicular issues, which may cause chronic lameness.
• Ponies and stockier breeds may be more susceptible to founder and laminitis, often due to metabolic resistance to sugar.

Thoroughbreds are often considered harder keepers. They may struggle with weight, have weaker hooves, or develop skin conditions—though this can sometimes be attributed to their history on the racetrack.

4. Care Requirements and Upkeep

Certain breeds simply require more care. Ask yourself how much time, money, and energy you’re willing to invest into grooming, feeding, and veterinary attention. The more exotic or visually striking the breed, the more likely it may require specialized care. Managing hoof health, preventing skin infections, and maintaining ideal weight are all tasks that can vary greatly depending on breed.

5. Temperament and Personality

While each horse is an individual, breed stereotypes often carry a degree of truth when it comes to temperament. Choosing a breed that aligns with your riding goals and personality expectations can make a world of difference in your experience as a horse owner.

Calm and Easygoing Breeds

• Missouri Fox Trotters: Known for their smooth gait and calm demeanor, making them excellent trail horses.
• Quarter Horses: Widely popular and often levelheaded. Though personalities vary, it’s not hard to find a quiet one.
• POAs: Bred for children, these ponies are generally very steady and dependable.
• Draft Breeds: Typically calm and quiet, though their larger size can be a challenge in rough terrain.

Spirited and Sensitive Breeds

• Arabians: Highly athletic and intelligent, often best for experienced riders or those interested in endurance riding.

I’ve known some wonderfully calm Arabians, but they can be quirky and reactive, depending on the individual horse. Be sure to match not just the breed but also the specific horse to your comfort level and riding style.

Conclusion: Choosing the Right Horse Breed Is About Balance

Choosing the right horse breed is a mix of practical considerations and personal preferences. Evaluate the size and weight compatibility, your riding goals, health maintenance responsibilities, and the temperament that suits you best. If you’re realistic about what you’re willing to handle and patient in your search, you’ll find a horse that fits your lifestyle and helps you achieve your goals.

If you’re a horse lover with a favorite breed in mind, be sure to check out my Etsy store, where you’ll find horse shirts for every type of equestrian—from funny to heartfelt, and everything in between.

Choosing the right horse is a journey—make it a meaningful one.

Check out my Etsy store for horse t-shirts that celebrate your equestrian lifestyle.